News context

 In 2027 the BBC license fee will be abolished. The BBC are neutral and their funding comes from this fee that's paid by TV owners. Report not comment.

Q1: theory question. Apply a theory to 2 sources

Q2: analyse ML and representation in the sources

Q3: News context- use knowledge of case studies to support answer

Q4: theory question. Apply theory to the news industry generally

Question 3- News contexts

economic contexts- In managed decline facing challenge of competition and how to monetize digital content. Print revenues falling and platforms like Facebook and Google monopolize the profits from online ads. The Daily mail makes more revenue online. They have had to invest and adapt to compete with changing expectations of audiences in the digital age (constantly updated). The Guardian are a charitable trust and ask for donations

Political context- The Press is the fourth estate: underpins democracy and holds the powerful to account. Politically, our social system is a capitalist, free market economy- this is why the newspaper industry is an oligopoly (dominated by right wing press). This is also why the market needs to be regulated to ensure plurality which is necessary for a free press. Free press- papers mainly aligned to political parties.

Regulation context- Publish then filter model. The close relationship between press and politicians was criticized by Leveson leading to greater levels of transparency. Self regulation by IPSO- an industry body which upholds press standards and maintains editor's code of conduct. IMPRESS is the only other regulator but as it is state backed, few national news papers have signed up. The Guardian have signed up to neither as they claim both regulators are flawed. Instead the Scott trust has its own regulatory board to hold the Guardian to account.

Cultural/ Historical- British cultural tradition

Since 1980's the industry has been migrating online in a historic shift

Cultural shift means audiences prefer online media and have expectations of entertainment and acceptance of marketing and self- promotion.

With 24 hour news, print news struggling to compete. However, newspapers are part of our cultural life.

Ownership in few hands

Gerbner's cultivation theory

Media repeats the same representations of groups of people over the repetitions this representation is accepted and believed by the audience. Repeated representations change the perceptions and behaviors of those who see it over time.

Social context- The way audiences consume, interact with and pay for news has changed. News reflects what is happening in society and reflects current social concerns e.g. Brexit, fear of terrorism. Levels of trust in news brands are rising in the era of fake news and they are seen as sources of reliable info and opinions. News comments on social institutions- law, government, family, education.

Fear sells!


Guardian take a world centric view placing a emphasis on issues world wide.

Steve neil- Genre theory

Genre is defined by repetition, genre is fluid it can change. It changes with circumstance.

''Tabloidization''


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